Site updated: 2017-09-19 17:52:10

2026-08-09 05:15:56 +10:00 · 2017-09-19 17:52:13 +08:00
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+        <p><img src="https://wx2.sinaimg.cn/mw1024/49fcaea6gy1fjp0hua3q1j20yp0l7dzc.jpg" alt="Caddy"></p>
+<p>说到Web 服务器，我们大多想到的是 Apache 这个老前辈和如日中天的Nginx，但是这里今天我将要分享的是 Web 服务器和反向代理服务器的新秀 Caddy。在我们拥有了这么强大的 Nginx 以后我们为什么还需要 Caddy？<br>我认为 Caddy 之所以可以占有一席之地是因为它的两大法宝：<code>配置简单</code> 和 <code>自动启用 HTTPS</code>。下面带下面快速上手这个软件。</p>
+<h2 id="安装"><a href="#安装" class="headerlink" title="安装"></a>安装</h2><p>Caddy 提醒定制化的下载，可以自由选择各种插件和平台。请前往: <a href="https://caddyserver.com/download" target="_blank" rel="external">https://caddyserver.com/download</a> 下载。 也可以使用这个一键安装脚本：<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">curl https://getcaddy.com | bash</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
+<p>完成之后，我们可以尝试执行下<code>caddy -version</code>。 当你看到有有类似：<code>Caddy 0.10.9</code>，即表示安装成功。</p>
+<h2 id="Hello-World"><a href="#Hello-World" class="headerlink" title="Hello World"></a>Hello World</h2><p>在命令行里面直接输入<code>caddy</code>，然后打开浏览器输入： <code>http://ip:2015</code>。 看到什么了吗？ 你得到了一个404页面。Caddy 已经成功运行了。相比与其他浏览器需要各种配置文件才能运行相比，这就是 Caddy 的简单之处，不需要任何配置文件即可运行。当然当我们需要各种高级功能的时候，配置文件还是必不可少的。</p>
+<p>默认情况下，Caddy 运行在<code>2015</code> 端口。我们可以可以 Caddy 强大的命令行工具来自定义运行端口。<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">caddy -p 80</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
+<p>在无配置文件的情况下，Caddy 默认是映射当前程序执行的目录所有文件。因此我们可以快速创建一个文件：<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="built_in">echo</span> <span class="string">"&lt;h1&gt;Hello Caddy&lt;/h1&gt;"</span> &gt;&gt; index.html</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
+<p>再次刷新浏览器，刚才我们写的 <code>Hello Caddy</code> 已经出现在页面上了</p>
+<h2 id="强大的配置文件"><a href="#强大的配置文件" class="headerlink" title="强大的配置文件"></a>强大的配置文件</h2><p>Caddy 各种强大的功能还得需要 Caddyfile 体现。我们可以在任意目录放置我们的配置文件,通过命令行<code>caddy -conf</code> 即可指定</p>
+<h3 id="Host-目录下的网页"><a href="#Host-目录下的网页" class="headerlink" title="Host 目录下的网页"></a>Host 目录下的网页</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">0.0.0.0:8080 &#123;</div><div class="line">  root /usr/local/www/</div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<p>这里简单解释下，<code>0.0.0.0</code> 表示我们将网站绑定至可以访问到本机的任意一个 IP；<code>8080</code>表示我们将网站暴露在8080端口； <code>root</code> 参数则表示网站的根节点。这就是最简单的一个Host 网站的配置。</p>
+<p>当前我们可以对网站添加更多的配置。比如设置响应过期时间，启用 gzip, 指定各种日志的输出端。</p>
+<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">0.0.0.0:8080 &#123;</div><div class="line">  root /usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/www/</div><div class="line">  timeouts 30s</div><div class="line">  gzip</div><div class="line">  <span class="built_in">log</span> /var/<span class="built_in">log</span>/caddy/access.log</div><div class="line">  errors /var/<span class="built_in">log</span>/caddy/error.log</div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<h3 id="配置反向代理"><a href="#配置反向代理" class="headerlink" title="配置反向代理"></a>配置反向代理</h3><p>什么时候你会需要反向代理呢？想象你有一个前后端分离的程序。前端是通过 JS 发送 Ajax 请求后端 API。默认情况下前端程序占用一个端口，后端占用一个另外端口。我们会遇到两个问题： CORS（跨域请求）和额外的 Options 请求。 这个时候我们就可以使用反向代理让前端和后端共享一个端口。</p>
+<p>那怎么做呢，在 Caddy 里面也特别简单，假设我们的前端就是上面的那样，而我们的后面之前都运行在：<code>http://ip:4000</code> 下面。而且我们的 后端 API URL 里面都有 <code>/api</code></p>
+<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">0.0.0.0:8080/api &#123;</div><div class="line">    proxy / 127.0.0.0:4000/api &#123;</div><div class="line">        transparent</div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<p>这里的配置的意思是说，当浏览器收到所有包含<code>:8080/api</code> 的请求都会自动转发到<code>127.0.0.1:4000/api</code> 这个地址，而<code>:8080/api</code> 后面的地址会自动转发下去，而<code>transparent</code> 这个设置保证了我们的转发不会在浏览器生成任何额外的<code>301</code> 或者<code>302</code>请求。</p>
+<h2 id="自动-HTTPS"><a href="#自动-HTTPS" class="headerlink" title="自动 HTTPS"></a>自动 HTTPS</h2><p>Caddy 另外一个亮点就是，可以为已经<code>绑定域名</code>的在<code>公网</code>运行的服务器自动从 Let’s Encrypt生成和下载 HTTPS 证书，让你的网站支持 HTTPS 协议访问，保证网站数据传输的安全。很简单，你所需的仅仅是将绑定的 IP 改成域名。<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">xxx.com &#123;</div><div class="line">  root /usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/www/</div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
+<p>再次运行Caddy，按照提示输入你的 Email 之后。Caddy 会自动帮你获取并启用 HTTPS 证书。<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">root@ss2:~<span class="comment"># caddy -conf Caddyfile</span></div><div class="line">Activating privacy features...</div><div class="line">Your sites will be served over HTTPS automatically using Let<span class="string">'s Encrypt.</span></div><div class="line"><span class="string">By continuing, you agree to the Let'</span>s Encrypt Subscriber Agreement at:</div><div class="line">  https://acme-v01.api.letsencrypt.org/terms</div><div class="line">Please enter your email address so you can recover your account <span class="keyword">if</span> needed.</div><div class="line">You can leave it blank, but you<span class="string">'ll lose the ability to recover your account.</span></div><div class="line"><span class="string">Email address: xxxx@gmail.com</span></div><div class="line"><span class="string"> done.</span></div><div class="line"><span class="string">https://xxx.com</span></div><div class="line"><span class="string">http://xxx.com</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
+<h2 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h2><p>通过上面的例子，我们可以看出 Caddy的快速上手能力和超级实用的 HTTPS 功能。除此之前 Caddy 还提供一大堆的插件供我们使用。比如直接访问 Markdown 文件、Host Git 仓库的文件、将自身 Metric 数据传到 Prometheus 等等。快去试试吧！</p>
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+        <div class="site-author motion-element" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
+          <img class="site-author-image" itemprop="image"
+               src="http://7ktsrz.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/libr.jpg?imageView2/1/w/200/h/200/q/90|imageslim"
+               alt="Junv" />
+          <p class="site-author-name" itemprop="name">Junv</p>
+           
+              <p class="site-description motion-element" itemprop="description">Go, JavaScript, Ruby on Rails, Java,Docker, CI, CD, Photography</p>
+          
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+        <nav class="site-state motion-element">
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+                <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
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+            <div class="site-state-item site-state-categories">
+              <a href="/categories/index.html">
+                <span class="site-state-item-count">69</span>
+                <span class="site-state-item-name">分类</span>
+              </a>
+            </div>
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+              <a href="/tags/index.html">
+                <span class="site-state-item-count">245</span>
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+                  
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+                  
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+                    
+                </a>
+              </span>
+            
+              <span class="links-of-author-item">
+                <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/junwei-zhao-46944557" target="_blank" title="LinkedIn">
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+                  
+                    
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+                <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/users/1140611/junv" target="_blank" title="StackOverflow">
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+                  
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+          <div class="post-toc">
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+              
+            
+
+            
+              <div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#安装"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">安装</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#Hello-World"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">Hello World</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#强大的配置文件"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">强大的配置文件</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#Host-目录下的网页"><span class="nav-number">3.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">Host 目录下的网页</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#配置反向代理"><span class="nav-number">3.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">配置反向代理</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#自动-HTTPS"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">自动 HTTPS</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#总结"><span class="nav-number">5.</span> <span class="nav-text">总结</span></a></li></ol></div>
+            
+
+          </div>
+        </section>
+      <!--/noindex-->
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+    <footer id="footer" class="footer">
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