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Node.js操作Mongodb(1)
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<div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>今天想要分享是使用node.js来连接并操作mongodb数据库实现基本的增删查改操作。</p>
<p>首先我们需要在node.js下安装mongodb争对node的驱动。</p>
<p>npm install mongodb</p>
<p>下面就可以开始写代码了。首先当然是在node代码引用mongodb:</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">var mongodb = require(&quot;mongodb&quot;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>其次就是连接到mongodb数据库server:</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">var server = new mongodb.Server(&#x27;localhost&#x27;,27017,&#123;auto_reconnect:true&#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>其中第一、二分参数分别是IP地址和端口，由于我们这里没有设计到验证，因此便不需要验证参数。最后的参数是一个对象，我们设置了一个属性auto_reconnect为true，就表示如果当程序与mongodb失去连接便回自动重连。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">var server = new mongodb.Server(&#x27;localhost&#x27;,27017,&#123;auto_reconnect:true&#125;,10);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>通常情况下我们可以不管最后一个参数，这个参数是线程池的数量，系统默认的设置是5，也就是说可以同时支持打开5个数据库连接，并进行操作。当然我们可以根据自己需要设置希望的值。</p>
<p>然后就是获取或者创建一个DB实例。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">var db = new mongodb.Db(&quot;mydb2&quot;,server);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>第一个参数需要传入被数据库的名称，如果数据库不存在系统会创建该数据库，当时不是现在，而是当我们试图打开数据库的时候。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">db.open(function(err,db)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">if(err)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">console.log(err);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">if(!err)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">console.log(&quot;we are connected!&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>我们想要对数据库进行的相关操作都是在db.open()的回调函数内完成的。即是说我们对数据库的操作需要在数据库被打开的情况下完成。<br>在mongodb中collection可以看做是我们平时所用的关系型数据库中的table(表)，我们可以通过显式或者隐式的方式来创建collection：<br><strong>显式</strong>即是使用db.createCollection()创建。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">db.createCollection(&#x27;test&#x27;,&#123;safe:true&#125;,function(err,collection)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">if(err)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">console.log(err);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;else&#123;</span><br><span class="line">console.log(&quot;created successful!&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>safe:true如果我们使用了这个参数即表示，如果当我们想要创建的collection已经存在时，则会报错，如果去掉则不会。<br>隐式则是我们在使用某个collection的时候，系统发现没有该collection，则会自动创建。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">db.collection(&#x27;fuck&#x27;,function(err,collection)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这个时候如果我们使用safe:true，当程序发现我们希望使用的collection不存在则会报错。通过这段代码，我们可以在该回调函数中执行所有我们对该collection的操作。</p>
<p>插入数据：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">//插入单条数据</span><br><span class="line">collection.insert(&#123;&#x27;name&#x27;:&#x27;tom&#x27;&#125;,function(err,result)&#123;&#125;);</span><br><span class="line">//插入数组</span><br><span class="line">var array = [&#123;&#x27;name&#x27;:&#x27;mary&#x27;&#125;,&#123;&#x27;name&#x27;:&#x27;lily&#x27;,&#x27;age&#x27;:20&#125;];</span><br><span class="line">collection.insert(array,&#123;safe:true&#125;,function(err,result)&#123;</span><br><span class="line"> if(err) throw err;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>当我们一次插入或者在以后的删除、更新多条数据时，我们都应该使用safe:true，以保证数据的完整性和一致性，如果在插入数组的过程中某些数据未能成功插入，即会报错。<br>更新数据：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">collection.update(&#123;&#x27;name&#x27;:&#x27;tom&#x27;&#125;,&#123;$set:&#123;&#x27;name&#x27;:&#x27;lily&#x27;,&#x27;age&#x27;:100&#125;&#125;,function(err,result)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">if(err) throw err;</span><br><span class="line">if(!err)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">console.log(&quot;update successful&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>第一个参数为我们定位目标的属性，这里即是我们更新所有名字为tom的数据，$set的意思则是我们将其更换其他的数据。<br>删除数据：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">//删除用户名为tom的数据</span><br><span class="line">collection.remove(&#123;&#x27;name&#x27;:&#x27;tom&#x27;&#125;,&#123;safe:true&#125;,function(err,result)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">if(err) console.log(err);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//删除集合内的所有数据</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">collection.remove();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>查找数据：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">//查找一条符合的数据</span><br><span class="line">collection.findOne(&#123;&#x27;name&#x27;:&#x27;tom&#x27;&#125;,function(err,result)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">if (err) throw err;</span><br><span class="line">console.log(result);</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//查找多条数据，将结果集转换成数组。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">collection.find().toArray(function(err,items)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">if(err) throw err;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//遍历数据</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">for(item in array)&#123;</span><br><span class="line"> console.log(array[item]);</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//另外一种查找多条数据的方式是使用流式来处理。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">var stream = collection.find().streamRecords();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//监听获取数据</span><br><span class="line"> stream.on(&quot;data&quot;,function(item)&#123;</span><br><span class="line"> console.log(item);</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//当数据读取完毕时，执行的方法。</span><br><span class="line"> stream.on(&quot;end&quot;,function()&#123;</span><br><span class="line"> console.log(&quot;stream is end&quot;);</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>当然我们这里使用的查找数据的方式很简单，没有涉及到高级的查询语句，比如限制返回数据的条数limit()，这些都是可以使用的。大家可以从下面的文档中获取到更多的信息。</p>
<p>完整代码下载：</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/wahyd4/node.js-mongodb-demo">https://github.com/wahyd4/node.js-mongodb-demo</a><br>参考文档：<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://mongodb.github.com/node-mongodb-native/api-articles/nodekoarticle1.html">http://mongodb.github.com/node-mongodb-native/api-articles/nodekoarticle1.html</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries">http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Advanced+Queries</a></p>
<p>请阅读下一篇：</p>
<p><a href="http://toozhao.com/2012/10/nodejs-mongodb-gridfs/">Node.js操作mongodb（2）——gridfs操作文件</a></p>
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